Folklore is a product of the early period of human - social awareness, but it contains humane meanings as a result of the sense of community organization and activities.
A number of surveys conducted by the Lao Cai Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism below will show this, and the problem today is how to make folklore continue to grow and bring about. advanced characteristics, suitable for national identity ...
Transmission and handwriting teaching of the Dao people: Every year on the occasion of the Lunar New Year, in each family of Dao people, there are transmission ceremonies, in particular, teaching the descendants to learn the Nôm Dao and especially The tradition of giving medicine to the next generations takes place at the family of physicians in the village. This is an opportunity for the community to honor education, civil service, vocational training and learn how to be human.
In the early morning of the first day of the Lunar New Year, the Dao people organize literacy training for boys aged 12 to 13 years old (the Red Dao people call it "tu shui hiu", the selected Dao people call it "chau chau chau") - meaning the first word). For the Dao people, teaching literacy is not only simple in teaching children how to read and write the ethnic group, but also teaching them to learn the love of reason, not forgetting the ancestral roots. Boys learn letters, girls learn embroidery, needlework. The place where girls sat and embroider flowers is also a meeting place for the boys to throw and learn to marry the couple.
This is a long-standing practice of the Dao people, teaching children to be polite to avoid sin with their ancestors, children always have a sense of national pride. The Red Dao also choose a good day to teach their children, usually the days from the first day of the Lunar New Year to the full moon of January; According to the people's opinion, these days are good days, but choosing a date that is suitable for your age, the study will progress and study successfully. In addition to teaching literacy to young men, on the occasion of Tet, the Dao community also organizes teaching of medicine (learning medicine). The Dao have a writing system and a valuable ancient Nôm Dao book, but books about medicine are very rare.
Meanwhile, the Dao people are famous for medicine and medicine to save people. Trainees must strictly comply with the strict requirements of their fathers. At the end of the ceremony, the instructor instructs the learner how to take medicinal plants and the rules of medical practice must be strictly followed, such as: Do not work in virtue, not properly cure the disease that you know, no trick the sick; Precious drugs are not to be taken lightly; don't betray teachers; saving people is the main thing, don't be deceived to get money or lazy, even if they are far away, difficulties still have to be treated when people come to ...
Come Cong Festival: More than 50 years ago, in Ta Van (Sa Pa), there was a temple at the beginning of the suspension bridge to Ta Van - Giay village. The temple has become the Cach Mang ceremony site of the whole Muong Hoa valley. Every year on the Thin, June of the lunar calendar, the Mong, Dao, and Giay villages in Muong Hoa all focus on Come Cong temple. Each family appoints a representative, irrespective of male, female, old and young.
The shrine is called Che Che (Tsêr dangz). The shrine has three compartments, the nave is between two officers of the Dao family. On the left side is the worshiping mountain god (Son Than), Suoi Hoa (Long Vuong), Giay called "sía po", "sía ta", and Mong people call it "ti ti" and "gold hunt".
Offering offerings are black buffaloes, black pigs and chickens and ducks purchased by villages. Ta Van - Giay village is responsible for preparing incense, dishes and offerings. The worshiper is the Giay in Ta Van. The ceremony owner dressed in a long dress, pants and solemnly praying to the gods. The content of the ceremony is to invite the gods to attend the ceremony, pray for the blessing of the blessing of the prosperous and prosperous people.
After the worshiping ceremony, the Muong Hoa translator reads the common convention of the whole Muong, including four contents: 1. The security of the villages: do not steal, and take measures to prevent bad guys from coming to steal. 2. Forest protection: Mong, Dao and Giay villages must pay special attention to fields, firewood collection and bamboo shoots in forests banned from worshiping earth spirits and forests in the headwaters of the village. 3. Cattle grazing: The convention specifies the period of time for cattle bans. Every year, from October 15 to the lunar calendar, on January of January, people are allowed to release cattle. Outside of the above time period, it is prohibited to allow cattle to be left unattended to avoid crop damage. 4. Regarding social behavior: The convention of the whole region is to support each other, help families have funerals, criticize unhealthy relationships between men and women ...
At the end of the reading of the conventions, the translator emphasized, "Today, I tell everyone, from here on out, everyone must follow these principles and tell the whole family to follow. ", all attendees are responsible for obeying the convention issued by the ministry. At the end of the convention, everyone who attended Come Cong happily sat on the community platter. Any villager who cooks food for the village himself, which family does not have someone to attend, the other person will spend the food brought back.
The New Year of the Dao Tuyen New Year: Held on the 15th of lunar month every year. Right from the previous day, all families had prepared gifts to worship their ancestors at their homes, but the main ceremony was held in the village old houses, each family contributed some wine, chicken, colored paper to for the conduct of the ritual. On this day, each family can invite relatives and friends from other places to attend for more fun. On the 14th day, the village elder assigned some men to prepare gifts, women made honey cake (dzu pèng), banh chung (dzu guay), and girls prepared fruit and "oh tom". The next morning, working tools were brought to the altar to pray for the gods to help the villagers a prosperous year.
After that, each family sent a participant to accompany the group to cultivate, gather firewood, plant seeds, hunt for good luck at the beginning of the year, hope that the whole year of business will get a satisfactory result ... and singing and exchanging love with men and women. The fruit is also made in the shape of a canopy, with five corners of small fringed fabric with different colors, inside are grains, corn, rice, millet, and men and women throwing and praying for life in the new year is always full. . When playing longer, men and women sing to meet and exchange love, the questions ask each other with content about the origin of the ancestors, the history of the nation and the lyrics of love confession: "Try your hand to sing a song - Beautiful boys, beautiful girls sing the song - Moon, the sun appeared together - Cold bird also flew away "...
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