In Lao Cai, the Mong people have the largest population in the community of local ethnic minorities, of which, concentrated in the districts of Si Ma Cai, Bac Ha, Sa Pa, Muong Khuong ... Mong people here Mostly White Mong, Mong Hoa, Black Mong.
The Hmongz - Hmongz (Hmongnhnh) people have the largest population in Si Ma Cai, Bac Ha, Bat Xat, Bao Yen and Muong Khuong districts, but in Si Ma Cai and Bac Ha, the Mong ethnic cultural identity also remains. keep the tradition pristine, unique and most typical. In Bac Ha, the Mong people reside concentrated in Ban Pho, Thai Giang Pho, Ban Gia and Lung Cai. This is a ethnic community with a high solidarity, with a rich cultural and traditional tradition, notably the values of folk art and visual art shown most clearly on brocade costumes. Flower Mong women. Brocade costumes of beautiful Mongolian girls are colorful, sophisticated patterns, creating a deep impression, attracting tourists to admire, learn is the symbol of the beauty of the people of the tourist area Bac Ha is charming.
The folk art of the Mong Hoa people is preserved, preserved, promoted and clearly shown in the Mong people in Ban Pho commune. It shows on two sides: costumes and appliances. Traditional Mongolian women 's costumes include towels, breasted tops, skirts, a cloth under the front of the skirt, belts, leggings, etc. Mong Hoa women's scarves come in two types, that is, a rectangle of 65 size. x 40 cm with embroidered patterns on the head, a wide-brimmed scarf wrapped around the head.
However, nowadays, due to economic conditions, the scarves used in the past are no longer found, instead of rectangular towels, industrially manufactured. Mong women wear a wide skirt and skirt, so when wearing a large scarf, it will fit and create a harmonious balance on the female body.
The woman's shirt split armpits, the neck is high on the shoulders and the chest has a splint added with embroidery fabric with spiral pattern. Skirts mainly use the red, dark blue ... look striking, brilliant. The belt is a piece of cloth about 7 - 8 cm wide and 80 - 120 cm long, the middle section of the waist is embroidered with patterns, beautiful colors, wrapped around the abdomen, flattering the beauty of the woman, while also making Mong girls have a better physique. Mong women are the authors of visual arts based on costumes, because they have been engaged in embroidery, fabric weaving and pattern printing all their lives. When they were young, the girls learned how to embroidered and learn to print beeswax on their skirts. The Mong woman combines all three techniques: embroidery, drawing, patchwork to create motifs on the basis of clothes. They embroidery patterns without patterns, only used to embroider the silk thread is both large and durable.
In particular, they have an overview, imaginative, completely based on memory to embroider patterns. Many people embroider in their favorite colors, they do not need to see the color, do not need to see the pattern, but still be able to embroidered the desired pattern. When embroidering, women often meticulously calculated each needle thread, the size of the entire pattern in the piece of fabric, so when weaving, they considered the ability to arrange pattern motifs. The pattern embroidery technique is more complicated, because the embroidery on the left side of the fabric, but the pattern emerges on the right side, requiring women to be patient and careful because if they accidentally mistake a needle, stitch will be skewed. Mong women also use wax printing techniques, the tool used to draw wax pattern is a pen made of copper, there are many types used to draw in different sizes. When finished painting, bring fabric printed with indigo beeswax wax, after soaking, dyeing, dark colored cloth, then dipped in boiling water, beeswax will flow leaving blue patterns ... The motifs on the background of Mong costumes are mainly geometric patterns. These are horizontal lines, long bold lines or broken corners, creating blocks of squares, rectangles, rhombus ... The motifs on the clothes are often estimates. In Ban Pho, women often decorate with curved patterns of buffalo horns, animals used in sacrificing the dead.
Especially in some girls' hats, the spiral embroidery is actually a horizontal "S" motif. The color palette of the Mong people is actually not much, there are mainly 5 types of colors: dark yellow, black, red, yellow, and blue. In order to create a dark indigo background, the Mong women had to carry out many stages, the Mong people in Ban Pho right from the time of weaving, they had to cook in ashes of the kitchen to really white and dry on a flat stone, grab a wooden mallet to beat smooth glossy cloth. In addition, after dyeing indigo, the dress is soaked in water mixed with egg whites to make the fabric shiny, fresh, red previously dyed from a tree or a red-colored medicine, Nowadays, there are many types of fabrics in the market, so people mainly buy industrial fabrics.
In general, the prominent color in the costumes of the Mong people in Ban Pho is red as the main color, combining yellow and white to contrast with the indigo background to create vibrant colors. In terms of spiritual values, the art of folk shaping, the most typical of which is the art of folk art on Hmong women's costumes, reflects the nature of kindness, hospitality, honesty, honesty, bravery and , both strong and emotional; generous, impartial to the harshness of nature in the highlands. Not only that, the folk art form on brocade costumes has shown the diligence, hard work, skillful hands, rich imagination of Mong women. It reflects the cultural values and aesthetic values, contributing to the richness and diversity in the cultural and spiritual life of the Ban Pho Mong people in particular and Bac Ha.
Want to admire, learn the art of folklore on the Mong Hoa women brocade costume, invite you to Bac Ha, to Ban Pho commune to visit brocade weaving village, hang out at cultural market, visit the goods area Brocade brightly colored. Going to any tourist destination of Bac Ha, you will see beautiful and young Mong women in brocade costume, you will have more deep impressions about the land and Bac Ha people (Lao Cai).
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